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The Language Journal
Hrmm... In this journal, I will attempt to practice my various languages. Some posts will be in English, others in Spanish, Italian, Russian, whatever I feel like writing in, maybe even my own languages! If you see a mistake, tell me!
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Present tense copula suffixes (to be)
Yor – verb suffix thing (present marker?) Değil – to be negative
People are, things IS. =ooo This means that inanimate plural objects take a singular verb suffix while animate plural take plural.
Aç - hungry Öğrenci - student(s) Hazır - Ready Haklı - Rıght (correct) Sorumlu - responsible Hasta - ill
Practice: Q1: I am hungry. Q2: I am not hungry. Q3: She is not Turkish. Q4: We are students. Q5: They are not students. Q6: We are not ready. Q7: We are ready. Q8: You are right. Q9: You are responsible. Q10: He is ill.
A1: Açım. A2: Aç değilim. A3: Türk değil(dir). A4: Öğrenciyiz. A5: Öğrenci değiller. A6: Hazır değiliz. A7: Hazırız. A8: Haklısın(ız). A9: Sorumlusun(uz). A10: Hastadır.
Personal Pronouns: Ben = m instead of n in genetive; front vowel to back vowel (e to a) in dative Sen = front vowel to back vowel (e to a) in dative O = pronominal n - before suffixes Biz = m instead of n in genetive Siz = regular Onlar = pronominal n - before suffixes
See the chart for examples of what this means:
Possessive suffixes:
Examples: evim - my house kızım - my daughter evin - your house kızın - your daughter evi - his house kızı - her daughter otomobilimiz - our car treniniz - your train evleri - their house gözüm - my eye kolum - my arm doktorumuz - our doctor ününüz - your fame annem - my mother paran - your money babası - his father köprüsü - its bridge anneleri - their mother babam - my father ordusu - his army odaları - their room
"The case endings follow these suffixes, but after the suffixes of the third person [possessive] the prenominal n is inserted before any case ending:
kolunun - of his arm annesine - to her mother odalarından - from their room gözüne - to its eye köprüsünde - in its bridge"
Ambiguities can arise, as, after a consonant, there is no difference between the second person possessive and the third person singular, as long as it isn't in the absolutive. For example, evinden can mean 'from your house' or 'from her house.'
If you have a phrase where the possessor is definite, such as 'the doctor's room,' the word doctor goes into the genetive, and the possessive suffix is kept on the noun, making 'doktorun odası.' This could be translated as 'of-the-doctor his-room.' If you have a possessor, but it isn't definite, like 'chamber of commerce,' you keep the possessor in the absolutive, making: 'ticaret odası.' My book says that this could be better thought of as: 'commerce chamber-thereof.'
Colloquiallism: "Colloquially, the genitive casess of pronouns of the first and second persons may be used instead of the possessive suffixes: benim oda 'of-me the room....' In writing and formal speech [this] would be odam...."
'Own' is signified by 'kendi.' kendi odam - my own room kendi evin - your own house
Pasaport - passport ayak - foot anne - mother yüz - face tekerlek - wheel öneri - proposal kitap - book çocuk - child üzüm - grapes karpuz - melon
To Turkish:
Q1: My passport Q2: Your foot Q3: Her mother Q4: His face Q5: Its wheel Q6: Our proposal Q7: Your book Q8: Their child Q9: Our grapes Q10: His melon
A1: pasaportum A2: ayağın (or -ız) A3: annesi A4: yüzü A5: tekerleği A6: önerimiz A7: kitabınız A8: çocukları/onlardan çocuğu A9: üzümümüz A10: karpuzu
Doppelgaanger · Tue Aug 05, 2008 @ 08:18pm · 0 Comments |
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Now, I've gotten a book on Turkish, and I'm gonna post what I learn here, mostly just for reference. If it helps anyone else learn the language, hurrah! The book is one of the Teach Yourself series; Turkish, A complete course for beginniners, by G. L. Lewis. I'm skipping the intro which explains vowel harmony, although now that I think about it, I might want to put up back and front vowels.
Those are the case endings. I may edit for explanations.
Ev – House Adam – Man Köprü – Bridge Köpek – Dog Kitap – Book Ada – Island Fikir – Idea Almak – To take Bahçe – Garden Bir – One, an, a Bugün – Today Bu – This Gün – Day Çay – tea Çocuk – Child Elma - Apple Gitmek – To go Görmek – To see Göstermek – To show İçmek – To drink İngiltere - England Kahve - Coffee Kız – Girl/Daughter Köy - Village Küçük - Small Otobüs - Bus Para - Money Şehir(-hri)/kent – City Top - Ball Türkiye - Turkey Vapur – Steamer Vermek – To give Yarın - Tomorrow
And there's a list of vocab from the first lesson. And now for the questions. I'll write out the questions, and put the answers in white.
To English: Q1: köprüden; evlerin; kıza; paradan; vapurda; otobüslere. A1: From the bridge; of the houses; to the girl; From the money; in the steamer; to the buses
Q2: Bahçede çay içiyoruz. A2: We are drinking tea in the garden.
Q3: Kızlar görüyorum; Kızları görüyorum A3: I see girls; I see the girls
Note: If the absolutive is used, it means a number isn’t specified.
Q4: Ahmet bugün Ankara’ya gidiyor. A4: Ahmet is going to Ankara today.
Q5: Kahveyi kızdan alıyorum. A5: I am taking the coffee from the girl.
Q6: Bu vapur, İstanbul’dan İzmir’e gidiyor. A6: This steamer is going from Istanbul to Izmir.
Q7: Bahçede bir çocuk görüyorum. A7: I see a child in the garden.
Q8: Topu çocuğa veriyorum. A8: I’m giving the ball to the child.
Q9: Bu küçük kız yarın köyden şehre gidiyor. A9: This small girl is going from the village to the city.
Q10: Ahmet’i köprüde görüyorum. A10: I see Ahmet on the bridge.
To Turkish:
Q1: I am giving the ball to the children. Q2:The steamer goes from Turkey to England. Q3: I see the girls on the bus. Q4: I am seeing Ahmet tomorrow in Ankara. Q5: On the little steamer we have coffee. Q6: The child is going today from Ankara to the village. Q7: The girl is giving the child an apple. Q8: Ahmet is showing the ball to the children in the garden. Q9: The girl is taking the ball from the children. Q10: I am giving Orhan this money today.
A1: Topu çocuklara veriyorum. A2: Vapur, Türkiye’den İngiltere’ye gidiyor A3: Kızları otobüste görüyorum. A4: Yarın Ankara’da Ahmet’i görüyorum. A5: Küçük vapurda kahve içiyoruz. A6: Çocuk, bugün Ankara’dan köye gidiyor. A7: Kız, bir elma çocuğa veriyor. A8: Ahmet, bahçede topu çocuklara gösteriyor. A9: Kız, topu çocuklardan alıyor. A10: Bugün bu parayı Orhan’a veriyorum. Could someone who ACTUALLY speaks Turkish mind telling me if word order is important? The book gives different word order, but also says word order isn’t that important, so I’m kinda confused.
Doppelgaanger · Tue Aug 05, 2008 @ 05:24am · 0 Comments |
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