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Writing Research: CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) |
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Quote: i saw that you sometimes help with writing resources, could i get some info on writing scenes involving cpr and similar resuscitation methods. thanks! :>
The Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest. [x]
The most common CPR, which requires training and a certification for, is a technique consists of a mixture of oral resuscitation and chest compressions. Basically, the person who administers CPR process provides artificial breathing to the victim (or mouth-to-mouth) and manually pumps the sufferer’s heart until the body’s functioning gets back to normal.
CPR alone is unlikely to restart the heart. Its main purpose is to restore partial flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart. The objective is to delay tissue death and to extend the brief window of opportunity for a successful resuscitation without permanent brain damage.
The first step is to check if the unconscious person is unresponsive and not breathing. If they are unresponsive, open their airway. To do that place one hand on the victim’s forehead and two fingers under their chin. Gently tilt their head back and lift the chin.
Maintain the head tilt and chin lift, and look for chest movement. Listen for the sounds of normal breathing and see if you can feel their breaths on your cheek. If they are not breathing, CPR is needed, but first call the emergency phone number: 9-1-1 (or whichever it is in your area) before you begin.
Once performing CPR you can NOT stop until the paramedics arrive on site to take over. In the best scenario, there will be several people nearby who can assist in helping the victim by taking turns administering CPR compressions. While someone else goes to see if there is an AED (automated external defibrillator) nearby.
Most public places will have an available AED, which should then be immediately used on the victim. The AED is entirely automated; it will verbally walk you through preparing the victim and the pad placement, it will assess the victim’s heart rate, and it will determine if the victim requires a shock to reestablish a heartbeat. However if there is no available AED close by, continue administering CPR until medical professionals arrive with one.
Another possible outcome is if at some point during CPR the victim begins to show signs of life, which is them breathing normally again, maybe they start coughing, or they’re starting to move around. In that case, you can stop performing CPR and put them in the recovery position.
There are two commonly known versions of CPR:
+ For healthcare providers and those trained: conventional CPR using chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing at a ratio of 30:2 compressions-to-breaths. In adult victims of cardiac arrest, it is reasonable for rescuers to perform chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120/min and to a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) for an average adult, while avoiding excessive chest compression depths (greater than 2.4 inches [6 cm]). This type of CPR is also the better choice when a victim has stopped breathing because of drowning, drug overdose, or collapsed due to breathing problems.
+ For the general public or bystanders who witness an adult suddenly collapse: compression-only CPR, or also known as Hands-Only CPR. Hands-Only CPR is CPR without mouth-to-mouth breaths. It is recommended for use by people who see a teen or adult suddenly collapse in an out-of-hospital setting (such as at home, at work, or in a park).
Hands-Only CPR consists of two easy steps:
1. Call 9-1-1 (or if possible, get someone else to do that immediately)
2. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest to the beat of a familiar song that has 100 to 120 beats per minute (such as the classic Bee Gees’ song “Stayin’ Alive”) until help arrives.
As per the American Heart Association, the beat of the Bee Gees song “Stayin’ Alive” provides an ideal rhythm in terms of beats per minute to use for hands-only CPR. One can also hum Queen’s “Another One Bites The Dust”, which is 110 beats-per-minute and contains a memorable repeating drum pattern. Other songs that could work just as well are “Crazy in Love” by Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z, “Hips Don’t Lie” by Shakira”, “Walk the Line” by Johnny Cash, “Work It” by Missy Elliott, “Just Dance” by Lady Gaga, or “I Will Survive” by Gloria Gaynor.
People feel more confident performing Hands-Only CPR and are more likely to remember the correct rate when they focus it to the beat of a familiar song. For those in cardiac arrest due to non heart related causes and in people less than 20 years of age, standard CPR is superior to compression-only CPR. With standard CPR it is commonly used for breathing emergencies involving children, since the reason for a young person to stop breathing is usually a respiratory problem and not a sudden cardiac arrest.
Wikipedia - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
ACLS Certification Institute - What is Hands-Only CPR?
American Heart Association - Hands-Only CPR (Video)
American Heart Association: CPR & First Aid - Hands-Only CPR vs. CPR with Breaths (PDF)
American Heart Association: CPR & First Aid - Hands-Only CPR Fact
Sheet (PDF)
Red Cross - Learn Hands Only CPR (Video)
Go Red for Women - Learn How to Perform Hands-Only CPR
AARP - Learn CPR: Hands-Only Compression CPR & Mouth-to-Mouth CPR
New York Presbyterian Hospital - Hands Only CPR (Video)
American Red Cross - How to Perform Child and Baby CPR
Healthline - How to Perform CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Indigo Medical Training: CPR Certified - What are the Differences Between Infant, Child, and Adult CPR?
Indigo Medical Training: CPR Certified - Basic CPR Certification Requirements
CPR Headquarters - What to Expect from a CPR Certification class?
American Heart Association: The Institute Response - Problems with CPR
National Health Care Providers Solutions - 20 Careers That Require CPR Certification You Never Would Have Thought Of
The Washington Post - This man had no CPR training. But he saved his co-worker’s life by pumping her chest to ‘Stayin’ Alive.’
The Washington Post - A lesson learned in minutes may save lives: ‘Hands-Only CPR’
American Heart Association: News Archive - 12-year-old learns CPR during 911 call to save mom
CNN - Boy, 9, uses CPR to save 2-year-old sister
TIME - ‘On the Last Day of High School, I Almost Died. CPR Saved My Life.’
School CPR - CPR Success: Teenage girl saves motorcyclist
The New York Times - CPR Can Help, Even With No Training
The Salter School - Is Bad CPR Better Than no CPR? Your Role in Emergency Health Situations
Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada - Learn CPR
Canadian Red Cross - Compression-Only CPR (Video)
Canadian Red Cross - International First Aid and Resuscitation Guidelines (PDF)
National Post - Canadians squeamish about performing CPR on strangers, even without mouth-to-mouth, study says
British Heart Foundation - Hands only CPR: Never do nothing
BBC: News - Father saves baby’s life with CPR (Video)
Australia Wide First Aid - What is CPR?
Science Alert - Any CPR better than none
Reader’s Digest - 7 CPR Steps Everyone Should Know
Wikipedia - Automated external defibrillator (AED)
American Red Cross - What is AED?
Philips Healthcare - What is an AED?
Note: I hope this helps! The best way to figure out how to write a scene with a character using CPR is to know how it’s performed, which to use on a person (because it does depends on the situation, such as if they drowned or stopped breathing, and/or if they’re an adult, child or infant) and who is the most likely to know how to performed it (especially which type of CPR).
Some professions required CPR Certification, such as those in the medical field, law enforcement, life guards, firefighters, child-care providers, social workers, teachers, personal trainers and physical therapists, etc.. They are the ones to know how to perform the standard CPR (chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth) for adults (and/or children depending if the class they took offers both training), two-person CRP techniques, and in using AED. Some even include how to relieve choking in adults, children, and infants, as well as First Aid. But again, it depends on if they took a blended learning class or just focused on CPR/AED course for adults (or children if they know they’re going to be around them).
Of course, anyone can take these classes and get a CPR Certification because it’s affordable, quick, and available in-person or online. It’s a useful life-saving skill to have. Just keep in mind that the CPR Certification is valid only for 2 years, so they’ll have to renewal/recertification before it expires. The reason for that is because they want to make sure everyone stays up-to-date for possible changes to the techniques. As well as get a chance to practice the skill all over again and refresh their memory.
For those that don’t want to get CPR training, but what to know at least something just in case. The recommended method of choice for the untrained rescuer (or those who are not proficient with the standard CPR) they use the Compression-Only CPR, also known as Hands-Only CPR. It is easier to perform and instructions are easier to give over a phone by the emergency medical dispatcher (just be sure to switch over to the speaker function when making the call).
In short, the American Heart Association urges everyone, trained or not, to act immediately in such an emergency. The sooner CPR is started the better the survival chances of the victim being resuscitated (because if not done within six minutes, the brain can start to die). It doesn’t matter either if it’s badly perform, it’s certainly better than doing nothing at all.
“If you do nothing, the person will die,” Dr. Sayre said. “And you can’t make them worse than dead.” [x]
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 DamnBlackHeart · Sat Aug 25, 2018 @ 10:49pm · 0 Comments |
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